SpringMvc微信公众平台开发(二)···测试号与微信接口调用

微信公众平台当中,接口的调用很重要,既需要调用到微信提供的接口,微信也需要调用你提供的开发者url,接口的调用都是基于请求的,基本上分为POST和GET两种请求,本篇文章将重点介绍测试号的申请与微信接口调用。

首先是申请微信公众平台测试账号,微信公众平台的测试账号功能权限是比较接近已认证服务号的,只不过是因为这是测试账号,所以接口的请求限制次数要明显少于普通账号。

测试账号的申请地址为:http://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login

申请的过程也很简单,点击登陆,然后用手机的微信扫一扫功能扫一下二维码就ok ,确认登陆后就会进入到以下界面:

sdf

 

测试账号到此就申请成功了,现在我们可以把我们的开发者url和token填入URL和Token的输入框内,点提交及可完成绑定!测试账号的申请到此结束。

接下来要介绍微信接口的调用,本文主要介绍获取access_token的接口调用,其他接口以此类推。

微信官方文档对access_token的描述为:“access_token是公众号的全局唯一票据,公众号调用各接口时都需使用access_token。正常情况下access_token有效期为7200秒,重复获取将导致上次获取的access_token失效。由于获取access_token的api调用次数非常有限,建议开发者全局存储与更新access_token,频繁刷新access_token会导致api调用受限,影响自身业务。”

 

接口调用请求说明

 

http请求方式: GET
地址:https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET
参数说明

参数 是否必须 说明
grant_type 获取access_token填写client_credential
appid 第三方用户唯一凭证
secret 第三方用户唯一凭证密钥,即appsecret

返回说明

 正常情况下,微信会返回下述JSON数据包给公众号:

{"access_token":"ACCESS_TOKEN","expires_in":7200}
参数 说明
access_token 获取到的凭证
expires_in 凭证有效时间,单位:秒

根据返回说明中的json数据,我们可以首先封装一个参数接收类,代码如下:

package com.yimik.wechat.wechat.model;

public class AccessTokenModel extends ErrorCodeModel{
    
    private String access_token;    //获取到的凭证
    private String expires_in;        //凭证有效时间,单位:秒
    
    
    public String getAccess_token() {
        return access_token;
    }
    public void setAccess_token(String access_token) {
        this.access_token = access_token;
    }
    public String getExpires_in() {
        return expires_in;
    }
    public void setExpires_in(String expires_in) {
        this.expires_in = expires_in;
    }
}

然后就是借口的调用了,因为接口走的是http协议,所以可以用第三方jar包HttpClient来处理http请求,在pom.xml中添加下列代码引入httpclient

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.2-beta1</version>
</dependency>

外加一个httpclient常用操作的封装类

package com.yimik.wechat.tool;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URLEncodedUtils;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * 封装了一些采用HttpClient发送HTTP请求的方法
 */
public class HttpClientUtil {
    
    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpClientUtil.class);
    
    private HttpClientUtil(){}
    
    /**
     * 发送HTTP_GET请求
     * @see 该方法会自动关闭连接,释放资源
     * @param requestURL    请求地址(含参数)
     * @param decodeCharset 解码字符集,解析响应数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
     * @return 远程主机响应正文
     */
    public static String sendGetRequest(String reqURL, String decodeCharset){
        long responseLength = 0;       //响应长度
        String responseContent = null; //响应内容
        HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); //创建默认的httpClient实例
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(reqURL);           //创建org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet
        try{
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); //执行GET请求
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();            //获取响应实体
            if(null != entity){
                responseLength = entity.getContentLength();
                responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, decodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : decodeCharset);
                EntityUtils.consume(entity); //Consume response content
            }
            System.out.println("请求地址: " + httpGet.getURI());
            System.out.println("响应状态: " + response.getStatusLine());
            System.out.println("响应长度: " + responseLength);
            System.out.println("响应内容: " + responseContent);
        }catch(ClientProtocolException e){
            logger.error("该异常通常是协议错误导致,比如构造HttpGet对象时传入的协议不对(将'http'写成'htp')或者服务器端返回的内容不符合HTTP协议要求等,堆栈信息如下", e);
        }catch(ParseException e){
            logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        }catch(IOException e){
            logger.error("该异常通常是网络原因引起的,如HTTP服务器未启动等,堆栈信息如下", e);
        }finally{
            httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown(); //关闭连接,释放资源
        }
        return responseContent;
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 发送HTTP_POST请求
     * @see 该方法为<code>sendPostRequest(String,String,boolean,String,String)</code>的简化方法
     * @see 该方法在对请求数据的编码和响应数据的解码时,所采用的字符集均为UTF-8
     * @see 当<code>isEncoder=true</code>时,其会自动对<code>sendData</code>中的[中文][|][ ]等特殊字符进行<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,"UTF-8")</code>
     * @param isEncoder 用于指明请求数据是否需要UTF-8编码,true为需要
     */
    public static String sendPostRequest(String reqURL, String sendData, boolean isEncoder){
        return sendPostRequest(reqURL, sendData, isEncoder, null, null);
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 发送HTTP_POST请求
     * @see 该方法会自动关闭连接,释放资源
     * @see 当<code>isEncoder=true</code>时,其会自动对<code>sendData</code>中的[中文][|][ ]等特殊字符进行<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,encodeCharset)</code>
     * @param reqURL        请求地址
     * @param sendData      请求参数,若有多个参数则应拼接成param11=value11?m22=value22?m33=value33的形式后,传入该参数中
     * @param isEncoder     请求数据是否需要encodeCharset编码,true为需要
     * @param encodeCharset 编码字符集,编码请求数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
     * @param decodeCharset 解码字符集,解析响应数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
     * @return 远程主机响应正文
     */
    public static String sendPostRequest(String reqURL, String sendData, boolean isEncoder, String encodeCharset, String decodeCharset){
        String responseContent = null;
        HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
        
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(reqURL);
        //httpPost.setHeader(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");
        httpPost.setHeader(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        try{
            if(isEncoder){
                List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
                for(String str : sendData.split("&")){
                    formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(str.substring(0,str.indexOf("=")), str.substring(str.indexOf("=")+1)));
                }
                httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(URLEncodedUtils.format(formParams, encodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : encodeCharset)));
            }else{
                httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(sendData));
            }
            
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (null != entity) {
                responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, decodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : decodeCharset);
                EntityUtils.consume(entity);
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("与[" + reqURL + "]通信过程中发生异常,堆栈信息如下", e);
        }finally{
            httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
        }
        return responseContent;
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 发送HTTP_POST请求
     * @see 该方法会自动关闭连接,释放资源
     * @see 该方法会自动对<code>params</code>中的[中文][|][ ]等特殊字符进行<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,encodeCharset)</code>
     * @param reqURL        请求地址
     * @param params        请求参数
     * @param encodeCharset 编码字符集,编码请求数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
     * @param decodeCharset 解码字符集,解析响应数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
     * @return 远程主机响应正文
     */
    public static String sendPostRequest(String reqURL, Map<String, String> params, String encodeCharset, String decodeCharset){
        String responseContent = null;
        HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
        
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(reqURL);
        List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); //创建参数队列
        for(Map.Entry<String,String> entry : params.entrySet()){
            formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
        }
        try{
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, encodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : encodeCharset));
            
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (null != entity) {
                responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, decodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : decodeCharset);
                EntityUtils.consume(entity);
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error("与[" + reqURL + "]通信过程中发生异常,堆栈信息如下", e);
        }finally{
            httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
        }
        return responseContent;
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 发送HTTPS_POST请求
     * @see 该方法为<code>sendPostSSLRequest(String,Map<String,String>,String,String)</code>方法的简化方法
     * @see 该方法在对请求数据的编码和响应数据的解码时,所采用的字符集均为UTF-8
     * @see 该方法会自动对<code>params</code>中的[中文][|][ ]等特殊字符进行<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,"UTF-8")</code>
     */
    public static String sendPostSSLRequest(String reqURL, Map<String, String> params){
        return sendPostSSLRequest(reqURL, params, null, null);
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 发送HTTPS_POST请求
     * @see 该方法会自动关闭连接,释放资源
     * @see 该方法会自动对<code>params</code>中的[中文][|][ ]等特殊字符进行<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,encodeCharset)</code>
     * @param reqURL        请求地址
     * @param params        请求参数
     * @param encodeCharset 编码字符集,编码请求数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
     * @param decodeCharset 解码字符集,解析响应数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
     * @return 远程主机响应正文
     */
    public static String sendPostSSLRequest(String reqURL, Map<String, String> params, String encodeCharset, String decodeCharset){
        String responseContent = "";
        HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
        X509TrustManager xtm = new X509TrustManager(){
            public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
            public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
            public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {return null;}
        };
        try {
            SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
            ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[]{xtm}, null);
            SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx);
            httpClient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(new Scheme("https", 443, socketFactory));
            
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(reqURL);
            List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            for(Map.Entry<String,String> entry : params.entrySet()){
                formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
            }
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, encodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : encodeCharset));
            
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (null != entity) {
                responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, decodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : decodeCharset);
                EntityUtils.consume(entity);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("与[" + reqURL + "]通信过程中发生异常,堆栈信息为", e);
        } finally {
            httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
        }
        return responseContent;
    }
    
    /**
     * 发送HTTPS_POST,类型为JSON的请求
     * @see 该方法为<code>sendPostSSLRequest(String,String,String,String)</code>方法的简化方法
     * @see 该方法在对请求数据的编码和响应数据的解码时,所采用的字符集均为UTF-8
     * @see 该方法会自动对<code>params</code>中的[中文][|][ ]等特殊字符进行<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,"UTF-8")</code>
     */
    public static String sendPostSSLRequest(String reqURL, String params){
        return sendPostSSLRequest(reqURL, params, null, null);
    }
    
    /**
     * 发送HTTPS_POST,类型为JSON的请求
     * @see 该方法会自动关闭连接,释放资源
     * @see 该方法会自动对<code>params</code>中的[中文][|][ ]等特殊字符进行<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,encodeCharset)</code>
     * @param reqURL        请求地址
     * @param params        请求参数
     * @param encodeCharset 编码字符集,编码请求数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
     * @param decodeCharset 解码字符集,解析响应数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
     * @return 远程主机响应正文
     */
    public static String sendPostSSLRequest(String reqURL, String params, String encodeCharset, String decodeCharset){
        String responseContent = "";
        HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
        X509TrustManager xtm = new X509TrustManager(){
            public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
            public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
            public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {return null;}
        };
        try {
            SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
            ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[]{xtm}, null);
            SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx);
            httpClient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(new Scheme("https", 443, socketFactory));
            
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(reqURL);
            /*List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            for(Map.Entry<String,String> entry : params.entrySet()){
                formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
            }*/
            httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(params,encodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : encodeCharset));
            httpPost.addHeader("content-type", "application/json");
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (null != entity) {
                responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, decodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : decodeCharset);
                EntityUtils.consume(entity);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("与[" + reqURL + "]通信过程中发生异常,堆栈信息为", e);
        } finally {
            httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
        }
        return responseContent;
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 发送HTTPS_GET请求
     * @see 该方法会自动关闭连接,释放资源
     * @param requestURL    请求地址(含参数)
     * @param decodeCharset 解码字符集,解析响应数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
     * @return 远程主机响应正文
     */
    public static String sendGetSSLRequest(String reqURL, String decodeCharset){
        long responseLength = 0;       //响应长度
        String responseContent = null; //响应内容
        HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); //创建默认的httpClient实例
        X509TrustManager xtm = new X509TrustManager(){
            public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
            public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
            public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {return null;}
        };
        
        try{
            SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
            ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[]{xtm}, null);
            SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx);
            httpClient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(new Scheme("https", 443, socketFactory));
            
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(reqURL);           //创建org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); //执行GET请求
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();            //获取响应实体
            if(null != entity){
                responseLength = entity.getContentLength();
                responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, decodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : decodeCharset);
                EntityUtils.consume(entity); //Consume response content
            }
            System.out.println("请求地址: " + httpGet.getURI());
            System.out.println("响应状态: " + response.getStatusLine());
            System.out.println("响应长度: " + responseLength);
            System.out.println("响应内容: " + responseContent);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("与[" + reqURL + "]通信过程中发生异常,堆栈信息为", e);
        }finally{
            httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown(); //关闭连接,释放资源
        }
        return responseContent;
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 发送HTTP_POST请求
     * @see 若发送的<code>params</code>中含有中文,记得按照双方约定的字符集将中文<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,encodeCharset)</code>
     * @see 本方法默认的连接超时时间为30秒,默认的读取超时时间为30秒
     * @param reqURL 请求地址
     * @param params 发送到远程主机的正文数据,其数据类型为<code>java.util.Map<String, String></code>
     * @return 远程主机响应正文`HTTP状态码,如<code>"SUCCESS`200"</code><br>若通信过程中发生异常则返回"Failed`HTTP状态码",如<code>"Failed`500"</code>
     */
    public static String sendPostRequestByJava(String reqURL, Map<String, String> params){
        StringBuilder sendData = new StringBuilder();
        for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()){
            sendData.append(entry.getKey()).append("=").append(entry.getValue()).append("&");
        }
        if(sendData.length() > 0){
            sendData.setLength(sendData.length() - 1); //删除最后一个&符号
        }
        return sendPostRequestByJava(reqURL, sendData.toString());
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 发送HTTP_POST请求
     * @see 若发送的<code>sendData</code>中含有中文,记得按照双方约定的字符集将中文<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,encodeCharset)</code>
     * @see 本方法默认的连接超时时间为30秒,默认的读取超时时间为30秒
     * @param reqURL   请求地址
     * @param sendData 发送到远程主机的正文数据
     * @return 远程主机响应正文`HTTP状态码,如<code>"SUCCESS`200"</code><br>若通信过程中发生异常则返回"Failed`HTTP状态码",如<code>"Failed`500"</code>
     */
    public static String sendPostRequestByJava(String reqURL, String sendData){
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
        OutputStream out = null; //写
        InputStream in = null;   //读
        int httpStatusCode = 0;  //远程主机响应的HTTP状态码
        try{
            URL sendUrl = new URL(reqURL);
            httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)sendUrl.openConnection();
            httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);        //指示应用程序要将数据写入URL连接,其值默认为false
            httpURLConnection.setUseCaches(false);
            httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(30000); //30秒连接超时
            httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(30000);    //30秒读取超时
            
            out = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
            out.write(sendData.toString().getBytes());
            
            //清空缓冲区,发送数据
            out.flush();
            
            //获取HTTP状态码
            httpStatusCode = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
            
            //该方法只能获取到[HTTP/1.0 200 OK]中的[OK]
            //若对方响应的正文放在了返回报文的最后一行,则该方法获取不到正文,而只能获取到[OK],稍显遗憾
            //respData = httpURLConnection.getResponseMessage();
            
//            //处理返回结果
//            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(httpURLConnection.getInputStream()));
//            String row = null;
//            String respData = "";
//            if((row=br.readLine()) != null){ //readLine()方法在读到换行[\n]或回车[\r]时,即认为该行已终止
//                respData = row;              //HTTP协议POST方式的最后一行数据为正文数据
//            }
//            br.close();
            
            in = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();             
            byte[] byteDatas = new byte[in.available()];
            in.read(byteDatas);
            return new String(byteDatas) + "`" + httpStatusCode;
        }catch(Exception e){
            logger.error(e.getMessage());
            return "Failed`" + httpStatusCode;
        }finally{
            if(out != null){
                try{
                    out.close();
                }catch (Exception e){
                    logger.error("关闭输出流时发生异常,堆栈信息如下", e);
                }
            }
            if(in != null){
                try{
                    in.close();
                }catch(Exception e){
                    logger.error("关闭输入流时发生异常,堆栈信息如下", e);
                }
            }
            if(httpURLConnection != null){
                httpURLConnection.disconnect();
                httpURLConnection = null;
            }
        }
    }
}
然后就可以写测试类来获取access_token了,在TokenService中加入方法
    /**
     * 获取全局返回码
     *
     * @param appid        微信appid
     * @param secret    微信secret
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String getAccessToken(String appid,String secret){
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(appid)||StringUtils.isEmpty(secret)) return "请输入appid或appsecret";
        String accessToken = "";
        String accessTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token";
        AccessTokenModel accessTokenModel = JsonMapper.buildNormalMapper().fromJson(HttpClientUtil.sendGetSSLRequest(accessTokenUrl+"?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+appid+"&secret="+secret, null), AccessTokenModel.class);
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(accessTokenModel.getAccess_token())){
            return null;
        }else{
            accessToken=accessTokenModel.getAccess_token();
        }
        return accessToken;
    }

测试项目代码将会在文章末尾发布链接以供下载。部署项目完成后启动服务器,打开地址:http://127.0.0.1/wechat/testAccessToken.jsp,调用成功后得到以下界面如下:

sdf

弹出的内容即为微信access_token,至此,微信接口调用测试成功。

项目已打包上传到百度网盘,链接:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1rm4u6

2 条评论

阳光xiao驴

这个比较老了,新接口的demo一直没有时间写,这个demo的话用的是maven,可以下载一个maven,用法很简单的,网上很多相关资料

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